cloudpathlib.GSPath¶
Class for representing and operating on Google Cloud Storage URIs, in the style of the
Python standard library's pathlib
module.
Instances represent a path in GS with filesystem path semantics, and convenient methods allow
for basic operations like joining, reading, writing, iterating over contents, etc. This class
almost entirely mimics the pathlib.Path
interface, so most familiar properties and methods should be available and behave in the
expected way.
The GSClient
class handles authentication with GCP. If a client instance is
not explicitly specified on GSPath
instantiation, a default client is used. See GSClient
's
documentation for more details.
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
class GSPath(CloudPath):
"""Class for representing and operating on Google Cloud Storage URIs, in the style of the
Python standard library's [`pathlib` module](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html).
Instances represent a path in GS with filesystem path semantics, and convenient methods allow
for basic operations like joining, reading, writing, iterating over contents, etc. This class
almost entirely mimics the [`pathlib.Path`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path)
interface, so most familiar properties and methods should be available and behave in the
expected way.
The [`GSClient`](../gsclient/) class handles authentication with GCP. If a client instance is
not explicitly specified on `GSPath` instantiation, a default client is used. See `GSClient`'s
documentation for more details.
"""
cloud_prefix: str = "gs://"
client: "GSClient"
@property
def drive(self) -> str:
return self.bucket
def is_dir(self) -> bool:
return self.client._is_file_or_dir(self) == "dir"
def is_file(self) -> bool:
return self.client._is_file_or_dir(self) == "file"
def mkdir(self, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
# not possible to make empty directory on cloud storage
pass
def touch(self):
if self.exists():
self.client._move_file(self, self)
else:
tf = TemporaryDirectory()
p = Path(tf.name) / "empty"
p.touch()
self.client._upload_file(p, self)
tf.cleanup()
def stat(self):
meta = self.client._get_metadata(self)
if meta is None:
raise NoStatError(
f"No stats available for {self}; it may be a directory or not exist."
)
try:
mtime = meta["updated"].timestamp()
except KeyError:
mtime = 0
return os.stat_result(
(
None, # mode
None, # ino
self.cloud_prefix, # dev,
None, # nlink,
None, # uid,
None, # gid,
meta.get("size", 0), # size,
None, # atime,
mtime, # mtime,
None, # ctime,
)
)
@property
def bucket(self) -> str:
return self._no_prefix.split("/", 1)[0]
@property
def blob(self) -> str:
key = self._no_prefix_no_drive
# key should never have starting slash for
# use with google-cloud-storage, etc.
if key.startswith("/"):
key = key[1:]
return key
@property
def etag(self):
return self.client._get_metadata(self).get("etag")
Attributes¶
anchor: str
inherited
property
readonly
¶
The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
blob: str
property
readonly
¶
bucket: str
property
readonly
¶
cloud_prefix: str
¶
drive: str
property
readonly
¶
The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
etag
property
readonly
¶
fspath: str
inherited
property
readonly
¶
name
inherited
property
readonly
¶
The final path component, if any. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
parent
inherited
property
readonly
¶
The logical parent of the path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
parents
inherited
property
readonly
¶
A sequence of this path's logical parents. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
parts
inherited
property
readonly
¶
An object providing sequence-like access to the components in the filesystem path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
stem
inherited
property
readonly
¶
The final path component, minus its last suffix. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
suffix
inherited
property
readonly
¶
The final component's last suffix, if any.
This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt' (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
suffixes
inherited
property
readonly
¶
A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.
These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz'] (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Methods¶
__init__(self, cloud_path: Union[str, CloudPath], client: Optional[Client] = None)
inherited
special
¶
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def __init__(self, cloud_path: Union[str, "CloudPath"], client: Optional["Client"] = None):
self.is_valid_cloudpath(cloud_path, raise_on_error=True)
# versions of the raw string that provide useful methods
self._str = str(cloud_path)
self._url = urlparse(self._str)
self._path = PurePosixPath(f"/{self._no_prefix}")
# setup client
if client is None:
if isinstance(cloud_path, CloudPath):
client = cloud_path.client
else:
client = self._cloud_meta.client_class.get_default_client()
if not isinstance(client, self._cloud_meta.client_class):
raise ClientMismatchError(
f"Client of type [{client.__class__}] is not valid for cloud path of type "
f"[{self.__class__}]; must be instance of [{self._cloud_meta.client_class}], or "
f"None to use default client for this cloud path class."
)
self.client: Client = client
# track if local has been written to, if so it may need to be uploaded
self._dirty = False
# handle if local file gets opened
self._handle = None
as_uri(self) -> str
inherited
¶
Return the path as a 'file' URI. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def as_uri(self) -> str:
return str(self)
copy(self, destination: Union[str, os.PathLike, CloudPath], force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False) -> Union[pathlib.Path, CloudPath]
inherited
¶
Copy self to destination folder of file, if self is a file.
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def copy(
self,
destination: Union[str, os.PathLike, "CloudPath"],
force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False,
) -> Union[Path, "CloudPath"]:
"""Copy self to destination folder of file, if self is a file."""
if not self.exists() or not self.is_file():
raise ValueError(
f"Path {self} should be a file. To copy a directory tree use the method copytree."
)
# handle string version of cloud paths + local paths
if isinstance(destination, (str, os.PathLike)):
destination = anypath.to_anypath(destination)
if not isinstance(destination, CloudPath):
return self.download_to(destination)
# if same client, use cloud-native _move_file on client to avoid downloading
elif self.client is destination.client:
if destination.exists() and destination.is_dir():
destination: CloudPath = destination / self.name # type: ignore
if (
not force_overwrite_to_cloud
and destination.exists()
and destination.stat().st_mtime >= self.stat().st_mtime
):
raise OverwriteNewerCloudError(
f"File ({destination}) is newer than ({self}). "
f"To overwrite "
f"pass `force_overwrite_to_cloud=True`."
)
return self.client._move_file(self, destination, remove_src=False)
else:
if not destination.exists() or destination.is_file():
return destination.upload_from(
self.fspath, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud
)
else:
return (destination / self.name).upload_from(
self.fspath, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud
)
copytree(self, destination: Union[str, os.PathLike, CloudPath], force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False) -> Union[pathlib.Path, CloudPath]
inherited
¶
Copy self to a directory, if self is a directory.
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def copytree(
self,
destination: Union[str, os.PathLike, "CloudPath"],
force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False,
) -> Union[Path, "CloudPath"]:
"""Copy self to a directory, if self is a directory."""
if not self.is_dir():
raise CloudPathNotADirectoryError(
f"Origin path {self} must be a directory. To copy a single file use the method copy."
)
# handle string version of cloud paths + local paths
if isinstance(destination, (str, os.PathLike)):
destination = anypath.to_anypath(destination)
if destination.exists() and destination.is_file():
raise CloudPathFileExistsError(
"Destination path {destination} of copytree must be a directory."
)
destination.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
for subpath in self.iterdir():
if subpath.is_file():
subpath.copy(
destination / subpath.name, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud
)
elif subpath.is_dir():
subpath.copytree(
destination / subpath.name, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud
)
return destination
download_to(self, destination: Union[str, os.PathLike]) -> Path
inherited
¶
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def download_to(self, destination: Union[str, os.PathLike]) -> Path:
destination = Path(destination)
if self.is_file():
if destination.is_dir():
destination = destination / self.name
return self.client._download_file(self, destination)
else:
destination.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
for f in self.iterdir():
rel = str(self)
if not rel.endswith("/"):
rel = rel + "/"
rel_dest = str(f)[len(rel) :]
f.download_to(destination / rel_dest)
return destination
exists(self) -> bool
inherited
¶
Whether this path exists. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def exists(self) -> bool:
return self.client._exists(self)
glob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterable[CloudPath]
inherited
¶
Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def glob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterable["CloudPath"]:
# strip cloud prefix from pattern if it is included
if pattern.startswith(self.cloud_prefix):
pattern = pattern[len(self.cloud_prefix) :]
# strip "drive" from pattern if it is included
if pattern.startswith(self.drive + "/"):
pattern = pattern[len(self.drive + "/") :]
# identify if pattern is recursive or not
recursive = False
if pattern.startswith("**/"):
pattern = pattern.split("/", 1)[-1]
recursive = True
for f in self.client._list_dir(self, recursive=recursive):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(f._no_prefix_no_drive, pattern):
yield f
is_dir(self) -> bool
¶
Whether this path is a directory. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def is_dir(self) -> bool:
return self.client._is_file_or_dir(self) == "dir"
is_file(self) -> bool
¶
Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing to regular files). (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def is_file(self) -> bool:
return self.client._is_file_or_dir(self) == "file"
iterdir(self) -> Iterable[CloudPath]
inherited
¶
Iterate over the files in this directory. Does not yield any result for the special paths '.' and '..'. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def iterdir(self) -> Iterable["CloudPath"]:
for f in self.client._list_dir(self, recursive=False):
yield f
joinpath(self, *args)
inherited
¶
Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is anchored). (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def joinpath(self, *args):
return self._dispatch_to_path("joinpath", *args)
match(self, path_pattern)
inherited
¶
Return True if this path matches the given pattern. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def match(self, path_pattern):
# strip scheme from start of pattern before testing
if path_pattern.startswith(self.anchor + self.drive + "/"):
path_pattern = path_pattern[len(self.anchor + self.drive + "/") :]
return self._dispatch_to_path("match", path_pattern)
mkdir(self, parents = False, exist_ok = False)
¶
Create a new directory at this given path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def mkdir(self, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
# not possible to make empty directory on cloud storage
pass
open(self, mode = 'r', buffering = -1, encoding = None, errors = None, newline = None, force_overwrite_from_cloud = False, force_overwrite_to_cloud = False) -> IO
inherited
¶
Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as the built-in open() function does. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def open(
self,
mode="r",
buffering=-1,
encoding=None,
errors=None,
newline=None,
force_overwrite_from_cloud=False, # extra kwarg not in pathlib
force_overwrite_to_cloud=False, # extra kwarg not in pathlib
) -> IO:
# if trying to call open on a directory that exists
if self.exists() and not self.is_file():
raise CloudPathIsADirectoryError(
f"Cannot open directory, only files. Tried to open ({self})"
)
if mode == "x" and self.exists():
raise CloudPathFileExistsError(f"Cannot open existing file ({self}) for creation.")
# TODO: consider streaming from client rather than DLing entire file to cache
self._refresh_cache(force_overwrite_from_cloud=force_overwrite_from_cloud)
# create any directories that may be needed if the file is new
if not self._local.exists():
self._local.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
original_mtime = 0
else:
original_mtime = self._local.stat().st_mtime
buffer = self._local.open(
mode=mode,
buffering=buffering,
encoding=encoding,
errors=errors,
newline=newline,
)
# write modes need special on closing the buffer
if any(m in mode for m in ("w", "+", "x", "a")):
# dirty, handle, patch close
original_close = buffer.close
# since we are pretending this is a cloud file, upload it to the cloud
# when the buffer is closed
def _patched_close(*args, **kwargs):
original_close(*args, **kwargs)
# original mtime should match what was in the cloud; because of system clocks or rounding
# by the cloud provider, the new version in our cache is "older" than the original version;
# explicitly set the new modified time to be after the original modified time.
if self._local.stat().st_mtime < original_mtime:
new_mtime = original_mtime + 1
os.utime(self._local, times=(new_mtime, new_mtime))
self._upload_local_to_cloud(force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud)
buffer.close = _patched_close
# keep reference in case we need to close when __del__ is called on this object
self._handle = buffer
# opened for write, so mark dirty
self._dirty = True
return buffer
read_bytes(self)
inherited
¶
Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def read_bytes(self):
return self._dispatch_to_local_cache_path("read_bytes")
read_text(self)
inherited
¶
Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def read_text(self):
return self._dispatch_to_local_cache_path("read_text")
rename(self, target: CloudPath) -> CloudPath
inherited
¶
Rename this path to the target path.
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the current working directory, not the directory of the Path object.
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def rename(self, target: "CloudPath") -> "CloudPath":
# for cloud services replace == rename since we don't just rename,
# we actually move files
return self.replace(target)
replace(self, target: CloudPath) -> CloudPath
inherited
¶
Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.
The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the current working directory, not the directory of the Path object.
Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def replace(self, target: "CloudPath") -> "CloudPath":
if type(self) != type(target):
raise TypeError(
f"The target based to rename must be an instantiated class of type: {type(self)}"
)
if target.exists():
target.unlink()
self.client._move_file(self, target)
return target
rglob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterable[CloudPath]
inherited
¶
Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in this subtree. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterable["CloudPath"]:
return self.glob("**/" + pattern)
rmdir(self)
inherited
¶
Remove this directory. The directory must be empty. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def rmdir(self):
if self.is_file():
raise CloudPathNotADirectoryError(
f"Path {self} is a file; call unlink instead of rmdir."
)
try:
next(self.iterdir())
raise DirectoryNotEmptyError(
f"Directory not empty: '{self}'. Use rmtree to delete recursively."
)
except StopIteration:
pass
self.client._remove(self)
rmtree(self)
inherited
¶
Delete an entire directory tree.
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def rmtree(self):
"""Delete an entire directory tree."""
if self.is_file():
raise CloudPathNotADirectoryError(
f"Path {self} is a file; call unlink instead of rmtree."
)
self.client._remove(self)
samefile(self, other_path: CloudPath) -> bool
inherited
¶
Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file (as returned by os.path.samefile()). (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def samefile(self, other_path: "CloudPath") -> bool:
# all cloud paths are absolute and the paths are used for hash
return self == other_path
stat(self)
¶
Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like os.stat() does. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def stat(self):
meta = self.client._get_metadata(self)
if meta is None:
raise NoStatError(
f"No stats available for {self}; it may be a directory or not exist."
)
try:
mtime = meta["updated"].timestamp()
except KeyError:
mtime = 0
return os.stat_result(
(
None, # mode
None, # ino
self.cloud_prefix, # dev,
None, # nlink,
None, # uid,
None, # gid,
meta.get("size", 0), # size,
None, # atime,
mtime, # mtime,
None, # ctime,
)
)
touch(self)
¶
Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def touch(self):
if self.exists():
self.client._move_file(self, self)
else:
tf = TemporaryDirectory()
p = Path(tf.name) / "empty"
p.touch()
self.client._upload_file(p, self)
tf.cleanup()
unlink(self)
inherited
¶
Remove this file or link. If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def unlink(self):
if self.is_dir():
raise CloudPathIsADirectoryError(
f"Path {self} is a directory; call rmdir instead of unlink."
)
self.client._remove(self)
upload_from(self, source: Union[str, os.PathLike], force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False) -> CloudPath
inherited
¶
Upload a file or directory to the cloud path.
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def upload_from(
self, source: Union[str, os.PathLike], force_overwrite_to_cloud: bool = False
) -> "CloudPath":
"""Upload a file or directory to the cloud path."""
source = Path(source)
if source.is_dir():
for p in source.iterdir():
(self / p.name).upload_from(p, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud)
return self
else:
if self.exists() and self.is_dir():
dst = self / source.name
else:
dst = self
dst._upload_file_to_cloud(source, force_overwrite_to_cloud=force_overwrite_to_cloud)
return dst
with_name(self, name)
inherited
¶
Return a new path with the file name changed. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def with_name(self, name):
return self._dispatch_to_path("with_name", name)
with_suffix(self, suffix)
inherited
¶
Return a new path with the file suffix changed. If the path has no suffix, add given suffix. If the given suffix is an empty string, remove the suffix from the path. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def with_suffix(self, suffix):
return self._dispatch_to_path("with_suffix", suffix)
write_bytes(self, data: bytes)
inherited
¶
Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def write_bytes(self, data: bytes):
"""Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
NOTE: vendored from pathlib since we override open
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Lib/pathlib.py#L1235-L1242
"""
# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file
view = memoryview(data)
with self.open(mode="wb") as f:
return f.write(view)
write_text(self, data: str, encoding = None, errors = None)
inherited
¶
Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file. (Docstring copied from pathlib.Path)
Source code in cloudpathlib/gs/gspath.py
def write_text(self, data: str, encoding=None, errors=None):
"""Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
NOTE: vendored from pathlib since we override open
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Lib/pathlib.py#L1244-L1252
"""
if not isinstance(data, str):
raise TypeError("data must be str, not %s" % data.__class__.__name__)
with self.open(mode="w", encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f:
return f.write(data)